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Asthma

Asthma is a complex syndrome with many clinical phenotypes in both adults and children. Its major characteristics include a variable degree of airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Inhaled allergens encounter antigen presenting cells (APC) that line the airway. Upon recognition of the antigen and activation by APC, naive T cells differentiate into TH2 cells. Activated TH2 stimulate the formation of IgE by B cells. IgE molecules bind to IgE receptors located on mast cells. The crosslinking of mast-cell-bound IgE by allergens leads to the release of biologically active mediators (histamine, leukotrienes) by means of degranulation and, so, to the immediate symptoms of allergy. Mast cells also release chemotactic factors that contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, whose proliferation and differentiation from bone marrow progenitors is promoted by IL-5. The activation of eosinophils leads to release of toxic granules and oxygen free radicals that lead to tissue damage and promote the development of chronic inflammation.

Drugs that treat Asthma

Enerzair

Made by

Novartis

Approval date

2020/6/29

Treats

Atectura

Made by

Novartis

Approval date

2020/6/29

Treats

Dupixent

Made by

Sanofi

Approval date

2018/1/19

Fasenra

Made by

AstraZeneca

Approval date

2018/1/19

Treats

Allermist

Approval date

2009/4/22

Xolair

Made by

Novartis

Approval date

2009/1/21

Alvesco

Approval date

2007/4/18

Treats